Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of retrograde ureteroscopy combined with visual puncture and percutaneous nephroscope in the treatment of complex renal calculi. Methods:80 cases of complicated renal calculi patients admitted in our hospital from April 2015 to April 2016 were divided into experimental group and control group according to different treatment methods. The experimental group was treated with retrograde ureteroscopy combined with visual puncture and percutaneous nephroscope. The control group received only visual puncture and percutaneous nephroscope. The operation time and blood loss amount, the changes of hemoglobin and serum creatinine levels, the changes of NGAL and KIM-1 levels, calculi clearance rate and residual rate,and complication were compared between the two groups. Results:There was no significant difference in operation time and blood loss amount between the two groups(P>0.05). The hemoglobin concentration of the two groups decreased after treatment,and the descending rate of the control group was higher than that of the experimental group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum creatinine concentration between the two groups before and after treatment(P>0.05). The levels of NGAL and KIM-1 increased after treatment, but the ascending rate in the experimental group was less than that in the control group(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the calculi clearance rate was higher and the residual rate was lower and the incidence of complications was lower in the experimental group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion:Retrograde ureteroscopy combined with visual puncture and percutaneous nephroscope for the treatment of complex renal calculi can be completely cleared away, reduce the incidence of renal damage and complications,effectiveness and safety are guaranteed.