间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells，MSCs）是一种具有高度自我更新能力、多向分化潜能和强大的免疫调节能力的多功能非造血干细胞。可以通过抑制T细胞、B细胞、抗原提呈细胞（antigen-presenting cell，APCs）以及自然杀伤细胞（natural killer cell，NK）介导的免疫反应，从而发挥其免疫调节的能力。自身免疫性疾病是指由于机体对自身抗原发生免疫应答而导致自身组织损害所引起的疾病。随着多种新型生物制剂的出现，该类疾病得到了更好的控制，但是仍然有一些难治性患者应用现有的治疗无效。而大量研究显示，MSCs可以通过多种免疫调节途径有效治疗自身免疫性疾病。但鉴于自体MSCs移植疗效受患者自身疾病情况和年龄影响较大，具有移植宿主的免疫豁免特性异基因MSCs在自身免疫疾病治疗领域备受关注。本文就MSCs对多种免疫细胞的影响及异基因MSCs移植在自身免疫性疾病中的研究现状进行综述。

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