目的:研究藁本内酯对低灌注大鼠水迷宫成绩的改善和对海马神经元的保护作用,探讨其神经元保护的作用机制。方法:取健康雄性SD大鼠24只(体重260~280 g),随机分为对照组、低灌注组和藁本内酯组,每组8只。对低灌注组和藁本内酯组大鼠行双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎术,对照组不结扎。术后第8天,藁本内酯组大鼠灌胃给予藁本内酯(以大豆油为溶剂,每日剂量80 mg·kg^-1),另外两组大鼠予相同体积的大豆油灌胃。所有大鼠连续灌胃21 d后进行水迷宫实验,观察各组大鼠水迷宫成绩(即潜伏期的长短)的差异。水迷宫实验结束后处死大鼠,采用尼氏染色观察各组大鼠海马CA1和CA3区神经元尼氏小体阳性细胞数量的变化,采用免疫荧光和免疫组化法观察各组大鼠海马CA1和CA3区神经元的神经元特异性核蛋白(NeuN)、神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶3(Caspase3)表达变化。结果:藁本内酯组大鼠水迷宫成绩较低灌注组明显提高(P<0.05),海马CA1、CA3区尼氏小体阳性细胞数量较低灌注组明显增加,海马CA1、CA3区GFAP和Caspase3阳性细胞数量较低灌注组明显减少。结论:藁苯内酯能够改善低灌注大鼠水迷宫成绩,并对海马区神经元具有较好的保护作用。

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